fa ارزیابی کیفی آب های زیرزمینی و انتخاب مناسب‌ترین روش میان یابی با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) در شهرستان سقز تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">افزایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رویه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جمعیت،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محدودیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">منابع آب</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سطحی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و بهره&shy;برداری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بی&shy;رویه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آبخوان&shy; ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سبب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">وارد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آمدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خسارات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جبران&shy; ناپذیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">منابع</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طبیعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کشور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جمله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">منابع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیرزمینی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده &shy;است. آلودگی &shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مختلف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انتشار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در سطح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آب</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیرزمینی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دارای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مضرات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیست&shy;محیطی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فراوانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که مستقیما</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زندگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بشر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تحت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تاثیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دهند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> .</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هدف از انجام این تحقیق، بررسی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی شهرستان سقز جهت شرب و کشاورزی می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باشد. به همین منظور از داده&shy; های اندازه &shy;گیری شده مربوط به سال&shy; های 1383 تا 1391 و در مجموع 188 نمونه برای هر کدام از پارامترها که شامل میزان شوری (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">EC</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، کلر (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Cl</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، غلظت مواد محلول (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">TDS</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، سولفات (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">SO4</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، سختی آب (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">TH</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، سدیم (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">Na</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، نسبت سدیم قابل جذب (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">SAR</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) و نیترات (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">NO3</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) استفاده شده&shy; است. برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقایسه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تیمارها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تجزیه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">واریانس</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ANOVA </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;و برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آزمون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایستگاه&shy;های مختلف از آزمون </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">LSD</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> استفاده شد. همچنین برای تعیین مناسب&shy;ترین روش میان&shy;یابی مکانی و پهنه&shy; بندی پارامترهای فوق&shy;الذکر، سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">GIS</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) بکار گرفته شد. بدین منظور، از روش&shy; میان&shy;یابی زمین&shy; آمار کریجینگ دایره&shy;ای، گوسن و روش&shy;های معین مانند وزن&shy; دهی عکس فاصله، تخمین&shy;گر موضعی و تخمین&shy;گر عام استفاده شد. نتایج نشان</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">داد که کیفیت آب شهرستان سقز برای شرب و کشاورزی مناسب و نتایج میان&shy;یابی مکانی بر اساس معیارهای ریشه دوم میانگین مربعات خطا (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">RMSE</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، میانگین خطای اریب (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">MBE</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) و میانگین خطای مطلق (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">MAE</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) نشان داده که برای پارامترهای سدیم، کلر، نسبت سدیم قابل جذب و سولفات روش وزن&shy;دهی عکس فاصله با توان یک و برای پارامترهای شوری، سختی و غلظت املاح محلول وزن&shy;دهی عکس فاصله با توان 2 و برای نیترات روش کریجینگ دایره&shy;ای مناسب&shy; ترین روش جهت پهنه&shy; بندی هستند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></div> <p class="Abstract">Increase of population, limited resources and the excessive exploitation of aquifers and surface water caused irreparable damage to the country&#39;s natural resources including groundwater resources<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span b="" dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family:"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> Contamination of groundwater has been published in numerous environmental hazards that directly affect their life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Saghez city, Iran<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span b="" dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family:"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>.</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> For this purpose, 188samples has been gathered from 200<a name="OLE_LINK6"></a><a name="OLE_LINK5">4 to 2012 water data</a> and the parameters of salinity, chlorine, concentration of dissolved substances, sulfate, Nitrate, water hardness, sodium adsorption ratio were studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) <a name="OLE_LINK18"></a><a name="OLE_LINK17">and the LSD</a> test was used to compare treatments and the differences between various stations respectively. For determining the most appropriate location and zoning methods for the above parameters, geographical information system (GIS) was used. Therefore, a geostatistic method of Circular Kriging, Gaussian and deterministic techniques such as inverse distance weighting, local estimator and general estimates was applied. The results showed that the quality of water in the Saghez city is appropriate and acceptable for drinking and irrigation. Spatial interpolation results according to the root mean squared error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE) and mean absolute error (MAE), among the different methods of interpolation techniques the IDW with 1 power for estimating the parameters of sulfate, sodium, chlorine and sodium absorption ratio, and the IDW with 2 power for estimating parameters of salinity, soluble solids concentration and total Hardness and the Circular Kriging method were the most appropriate methods for Nitrate.</p> کیفیت آب زیرزمینی, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی, پهنه‌بندی, شهرستان سقز Groundwater quality, GIS, zoning, Saghez. 5 18 http://jweb.ahvaz.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-110-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 حسین صالحی 10031947532846003386 10031947532846003386 Yes حسین زینی وند 10031947532846003387 10031947532846003387 No شادی احمدی 10031947532846003388 10031947532846003388 No